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sb203580 t1764  (TargetMol)


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    Structured Review

    TargetMol sb203580 t1764
    Sb203580 T1764, supplied by TargetMol, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 45 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/sb203580+t1764/Adezmapimod/pm42031925-56-49-54
    Average 94 stars, based on 45 article reviews
    sb203580 t1764 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    94/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: Hepatoma cell-intrinsic TLR9 activation induces immune escape through PD-L1 upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: CMV-PARP1-EGFP-SV40-Neomycin overexpression plasmid vector and Ubi-H_TLR9-3FLAG-SV40-EGFP overexpression and hU6-TLR9-Ubiquitin-EGFP-IRES-puromycin knockdown lentiviral vectors was constructed by GeneChem Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). .. The antibodies listed below were used in Western blotting, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analyses: anti-TLR9 (ab37154, Abcam, Cambridge, UK; NBP2-24729, Novus Biologicals, Minneapolis, USA), anti-PARP1 (#9532; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; ab227244, Abcam), anti-PAR (#83732; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-Ubiquitin (#3936; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-STAT3 (#9139; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-STAT3 (Tyr705) (#9145; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-PD-L1 (#13684T, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 329702, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA; ab205921, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-Jak2 (#3230; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-Jak2 (#3774; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-STAT1(#14994, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-JUN(#9165; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF1(#8478; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF3(#11904; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Myc (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), anti-granzyme B (ab4059; Abcam), anti-CD8 (ab22378; Abcam; 560776; BD Biosciences), anti-JNK (AF6318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-JNK (AF3318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-ERK (AF0155; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-ERK (AF1015; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-p38 (AF4001; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p38 (AF6456; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-PARG (#27808; Proteintech, Wuhan), anti-RNF146 (#ARP43340; Aviva Systems Biology Co., Ltd. USA; #bs-11669R; Bioss Antibodies Inc. USA), anti-CD4 (550954; BD Biosciences), anti-PD-1 (551892; BD Biosciences), anti-CD11b (557395; BD Biosciences), anti-NK1.1 (557391; BD Biosciences), anti-CD25 (553071; BD Biosciences), anti-Foxp3 (560402; BD Biosciences), anti-F4/80 (565612;BD Bioscience), anti-CD11c (553800; BD Biosciences), anti-CD317 (566431; BD Biosciences), PDD-00017273 (#5952; Tocris Bioscience, USA), ODN2216 (#tlrl-2216; Invivogen, USA), ODN2243(ODN2216 Control, #tlrl-2243; Invivogen, USA) and SP600125 (#T3109), U0126(#T6223), SB203580(#T1764), BP-1-102 (#T3708), Chloroquine diphosphate (#T0194) were purchased from Topscience (Topscience Co., Ltd. Shanghai). .. PNGase F (#P0704) was purchased from New England Biolabs (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA).

    Article Title: Hepatoma cell-intrinsic TLR9 activation induces immune escape through PD-L1 upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: CMV-PARP1-EGFP-SV40-Neomycin overexpression plasmid vector and Ubi-H_TLR9-3FLAGSV40-EGFP overexpression and hU6-TLR9-UbiquitinEGFP-IRES-puromycin knockdown lentiviral vectors was constructed by GeneChem Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). .. The antibodies listed below were used in Western blotting, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analyses: anti-TLR9 (ab37154, Abcam, Cambridge, UK; NBP2-24729, Novus Biologicals, Minneapolis, USA), anti-PARP1 (#9532; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; ab227244, Abcam), anti-PAR (#83732; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-Ubiquitin (#3936; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-STAT3 (#9139; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-STAT3 (Tyr705) (#9145; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-PD-L1 (#13684T, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 329702, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA; ab205921, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-Jak2 (#3230; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-Jak2 (#3774; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-STAT1(#14994, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-JUN(#9165; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF1(#8478; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF3(#11904; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Myc (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), anti-granzyme B (ab4059; Abcam), anti-CD8 (ab22378; Abcam; 560776; BD Biosciences), anti-JNK (AF6318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-JNK (AF3318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-ERK (AF0155; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-ERK (AF1015; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-p38 (AF4001; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p38 (AF6456; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-PARG (#27808; Proteintech, Wuhan), anti-RNF146 (#ARP43340; Aviva Systems Biology Co., Ltd. USA; #bs-11669R; Bioss Antibodies Inc. USA), anti-CD4 (550954; BD Biosciences), anti-PD-1 (551892; BD Biosciences), anti-CD11b (557395; BD Biosciences), anti-NK1.1 (557391; BD Biosciences), anti-CD25 (553071; BD Biosciences), anti-Foxp3 (560402; BD Biosciences), anti-F4/80 (565612;BD Bioscience), anti-CD11c (553800; BD Biosciences), anti-CD317 (566431; BD Biosciences), PDD-00017273 (#5952; Tocris Bioscience, USA), ODN2216 (#tlrl-2216; Invivogen, USA), ODN2243(ODN2216 Control, #tlrl-2243; Invivogen, USA) and SP600125 (#T3109), U0126(#T6223), SB203580(#T1764), BP-1-102 (#T3708), Chloroquine diphosphate (#T0194) were purchased from Topscience (Topscience Co., Ltd. Shanghai). .. PNGase F (#P0704) was purchased from New England Biolabs (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA).

    Immunohistochemical staining:

    Article Title: Hepatoma cell-intrinsic TLR9 activation induces immune escape through PD-L1 upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: CMV-PARP1-EGFP-SV40-Neomycin overexpression plasmid vector and Ubi-H_TLR9-3FLAG-SV40-EGFP overexpression and hU6-TLR9-Ubiquitin-EGFP-IRES-puromycin knockdown lentiviral vectors was constructed by GeneChem Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). .. The antibodies listed below were used in Western blotting, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analyses: anti-TLR9 (ab37154, Abcam, Cambridge, UK; NBP2-24729, Novus Biologicals, Minneapolis, USA), anti-PARP1 (#9532; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; ab227244, Abcam), anti-PAR (#83732; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-Ubiquitin (#3936; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-STAT3 (#9139; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-STAT3 (Tyr705) (#9145; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-PD-L1 (#13684T, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 329702, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA; ab205921, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-Jak2 (#3230; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-Jak2 (#3774; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-STAT1(#14994, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-JUN(#9165; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF1(#8478; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF3(#11904; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Myc (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), anti-granzyme B (ab4059; Abcam), anti-CD8 (ab22378; Abcam; 560776; BD Biosciences), anti-JNK (AF6318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-JNK (AF3318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-ERK (AF0155; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-ERK (AF1015; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-p38 (AF4001; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p38 (AF6456; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-PARG (#27808; Proteintech, Wuhan), anti-RNF146 (#ARP43340; Aviva Systems Biology Co., Ltd. USA; #bs-11669R; Bioss Antibodies Inc. USA), anti-CD4 (550954; BD Biosciences), anti-PD-1 (551892; BD Biosciences), anti-CD11b (557395; BD Biosciences), anti-NK1.1 (557391; BD Biosciences), anti-CD25 (553071; BD Biosciences), anti-Foxp3 (560402; BD Biosciences), anti-F4/80 (565612;BD Bioscience), anti-CD11c (553800; BD Biosciences), anti-CD317 (566431; BD Biosciences), PDD-00017273 (#5952; Tocris Bioscience, USA), ODN2216 (#tlrl-2216; Invivogen, USA), ODN2243(ODN2216 Control, #tlrl-2243; Invivogen, USA) and SP600125 (#T3109), U0126(#T6223), SB203580(#T1764), BP-1-102 (#T3708), Chloroquine diphosphate (#T0194) were purchased from Topscience (Topscience Co., Ltd. Shanghai). .. PNGase F (#P0704) was purchased from New England Biolabs (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA).

    Article Title: Hepatoma cell-intrinsic TLR9 activation induces immune escape through PD-L1 upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: CMV-PARP1-EGFP-SV40-Neomycin overexpression plasmid vector and Ubi-H_TLR9-3FLAGSV40-EGFP overexpression and hU6-TLR9-UbiquitinEGFP-IRES-puromycin knockdown lentiviral vectors was constructed by GeneChem Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). .. The antibodies listed below were used in Western blotting, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analyses: anti-TLR9 (ab37154, Abcam, Cambridge, UK; NBP2-24729, Novus Biologicals, Minneapolis, USA), anti-PARP1 (#9532; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; ab227244, Abcam), anti-PAR (#83732; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-Ubiquitin (#3936; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-STAT3 (#9139; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-STAT3 (Tyr705) (#9145; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-PD-L1 (#13684T, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 329702, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA; ab205921, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-Jak2 (#3230; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-Jak2 (#3774; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-STAT1(#14994, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-JUN(#9165; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF1(#8478; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF3(#11904; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Myc (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), anti-granzyme B (ab4059; Abcam), anti-CD8 (ab22378; Abcam; 560776; BD Biosciences), anti-JNK (AF6318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-JNK (AF3318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-ERK (AF0155; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-ERK (AF1015; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-p38 (AF4001; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p38 (AF6456; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-PARG (#27808; Proteintech, Wuhan), anti-RNF146 (#ARP43340; Aviva Systems Biology Co., Ltd. USA; #bs-11669R; Bioss Antibodies Inc. USA), anti-CD4 (550954; BD Biosciences), anti-PD-1 (551892; BD Biosciences), anti-CD11b (557395; BD Biosciences), anti-NK1.1 (557391; BD Biosciences), anti-CD25 (553071; BD Biosciences), anti-Foxp3 (560402; BD Biosciences), anti-F4/80 (565612;BD Bioscience), anti-CD11c (553800; BD Biosciences), anti-CD317 (566431; BD Biosciences), PDD-00017273 (#5952; Tocris Bioscience, USA), ODN2216 (#tlrl-2216; Invivogen, USA), ODN2243(ODN2216 Control, #tlrl-2243; Invivogen, USA) and SP600125 (#T3109), U0126(#T6223), SB203580(#T1764), BP-1-102 (#T3708), Chloroquine diphosphate (#T0194) were purchased from Topscience (Topscience Co., Ltd. Shanghai). .. PNGase F (#P0704) was purchased from New England Biolabs (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA).

    Flow Cytometry:

    Article Title: Hepatoma cell-intrinsic TLR9 activation induces immune escape through PD-L1 upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: CMV-PARP1-EGFP-SV40-Neomycin overexpression plasmid vector and Ubi-H_TLR9-3FLAG-SV40-EGFP overexpression and hU6-TLR9-Ubiquitin-EGFP-IRES-puromycin knockdown lentiviral vectors was constructed by GeneChem Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). .. The antibodies listed below were used in Western blotting, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analyses: anti-TLR9 (ab37154, Abcam, Cambridge, UK; NBP2-24729, Novus Biologicals, Minneapolis, USA), anti-PARP1 (#9532; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; ab227244, Abcam), anti-PAR (#83732; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-Ubiquitin (#3936; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-STAT3 (#9139; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-STAT3 (Tyr705) (#9145; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-PD-L1 (#13684T, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 329702, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA; ab205921, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-Jak2 (#3230; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-Jak2 (#3774; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-STAT1(#14994, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-JUN(#9165; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF1(#8478; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF3(#11904; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Myc (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), anti-granzyme B (ab4059; Abcam), anti-CD8 (ab22378; Abcam; 560776; BD Biosciences), anti-JNK (AF6318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-JNK (AF3318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-ERK (AF0155; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-ERK (AF1015; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-p38 (AF4001; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p38 (AF6456; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-PARG (#27808; Proteintech, Wuhan), anti-RNF146 (#ARP43340; Aviva Systems Biology Co., Ltd. USA; #bs-11669R; Bioss Antibodies Inc. USA), anti-CD4 (550954; BD Biosciences), anti-PD-1 (551892; BD Biosciences), anti-CD11b (557395; BD Biosciences), anti-NK1.1 (557391; BD Biosciences), anti-CD25 (553071; BD Biosciences), anti-Foxp3 (560402; BD Biosciences), anti-F4/80 (565612;BD Bioscience), anti-CD11c (553800; BD Biosciences), anti-CD317 (566431; BD Biosciences), PDD-00017273 (#5952; Tocris Bioscience, USA), ODN2216 (#tlrl-2216; Invivogen, USA), ODN2243(ODN2216 Control, #tlrl-2243; Invivogen, USA) and SP600125 (#T3109), U0126(#T6223), SB203580(#T1764), BP-1-102 (#T3708), Chloroquine diphosphate (#T0194) were purchased from Topscience (Topscience Co., Ltd. Shanghai). .. PNGase F (#P0704) was purchased from New England Biolabs (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA).

    Article Title: Hepatoma cell-intrinsic TLR9 activation induces immune escape through PD-L1 upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: CMV-PARP1-EGFP-SV40-Neomycin overexpression plasmid vector and Ubi-H_TLR9-3FLAGSV40-EGFP overexpression and hU6-TLR9-UbiquitinEGFP-IRES-puromycin knockdown lentiviral vectors was constructed by GeneChem Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). .. The antibodies listed below were used in Western blotting, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analyses: anti-TLR9 (ab37154, Abcam, Cambridge, UK; NBP2-24729, Novus Biologicals, Minneapolis, USA), anti-PARP1 (#9532; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; ab227244, Abcam), anti-PAR (#83732; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-Ubiquitin (#3936; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-STAT3 (#9139; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-STAT3 (Tyr705) (#9145; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-PD-L1 (#13684T, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 329702, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA; ab205921, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-Jak2 (#3230; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-Jak2 (#3774; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-STAT1(#14994, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-JUN(#9165; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF1(#8478; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF3(#11904; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Myc (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), anti-granzyme B (ab4059; Abcam), anti-CD8 (ab22378; Abcam; 560776; BD Biosciences), anti-JNK (AF6318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-JNK (AF3318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-ERK (AF0155; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-ERK (AF1015; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-p38 (AF4001; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p38 (AF6456; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-PARG (#27808; Proteintech, Wuhan), anti-RNF146 (#ARP43340; Aviva Systems Biology Co., Ltd. USA; #bs-11669R; Bioss Antibodies Inc. USA), anti-CD4 (550954; BD Biosciences), anti-PD-1 (551892; BD Biosciences), anti-CD11b (557395; BD Biosciences), anti-NK1.1 (557391; BD Biosciences), anti-CD25 (553071; BD Biosciences), anti-Foxp3 (560402; BD Biosciences), anti-F4/80 (565612;BD Bioscience), anti-CD11c (553800; BD Biosciences), anti-CD317 (566431; BD Biosciences), PDD-00017273 (#5952; Tocris Bioscience, USA), ODN2216 (#tlrl-2216; Invivogen, USA), ODN2243(ODN2216 Control, #tlrl-2243; Invivogen, USA) and SP600125 (#T3109), U0126(#T6223), SB203580(#T1764), BP-1-102 (#T3708), Chloroquine diphosphate (#T0194) were purchased from Topscience (Topscience Co., Ltd. Shanghai). .. PNGase F (#P0704) was purchased from New England Biolabs (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA).

    Control:

    Article Title: Hepatoma cell-intrinsic TLR9 activation induces immune escape through PD-L1 upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: CMV-PARP1-EGFP-SV40-Neomycin overexpression plasmid vector and Ubi-H_TLR9-3FLAG-SV40-EGFP overexpression and hU6-TLR9-Ubiquitin-EGFP-IRES-puromycin knockdown lentiviral vectors was constructed by GeneChem Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). .. The antibodies listed below were used in Western blotting, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analyses: anti-TLR9 (ab37154, Abcam, Cambridge, UK; NBP2-24729, Novus Biologicals, Minneapolis, USA), anti-PARP1 (#9532; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; ab227244, Abcam), anti-PAR (#83732; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-Ubiquitin (#3936; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-STAT3 (#9139; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-STAT3 (Tyr705) (#9145; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-PD-L1 (#13684T, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 329702, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA; ab205921, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-Jak2 (#3230; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-Jak2 (#3774; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-STAT1(#14994, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-JUN(#9165; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF1(#8478; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF3(#11904; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Myc (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), anti-granzyme B (ab4059; Abcam), anti-CD8 (ab22378; Abcam; 560776; BD Biosciences), anti-JNK (AF6318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-JNK (AF3318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-ERK (AF0155; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-ERK (AF1015; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-p38 (AF4001; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p38 (AF6456; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-PARG (#27808; Proteintech, Wuhan), anti-RNF146 (#ARP43340; Aviva Systems Biology Co., Ltd. USA; #bs-11669R; Bioss Antibodies Inc. USA), anti-CD4 (550954; BD Biosciences), anti-PD-1 (551892; BD Biosciences), anti-CD11b (557395; BD Biosciences), anti-NK1.1 (557391; BD Biosciences), anti-CD25 (553071; BD Biosciences), anti-Foxp3 (560402; BD Biosciences), anti-F4/80 (565612;BD Bioscience), anti-CD11c (553800; BD Biosciences), anti-CD317 (566431; BD Biosciences), PDD-00017273 (#5952; Tocris Bioscience, USA), ODN2216 (#tlrl-2216; Invivogen, USA), ODN2243(ODN2216 Control, #tlrl-2243; Invivogen, USA) and SP600125 (#T3109), U0126(#T6223), SB203580(#T1764), BP-1-102 (#T3708), Chloroquine diphosphate (#T0194) were purchased from Topscience (Topscience Co., Ltd. Shanghai). .. PNGase F (#P0704) was purchased from New England Biolabs (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA).

    Article Title: Hepatoma cell-intrinsic TLR9 activation induces immune escape through PD-L1 upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: CMV-PARP1-EGFP-SV40-Neomycin overexpression plasmid vector and Ubi-H_TLR9-3FLAGSV40-EGFP overexpression and hU6-TLR9-UbiquitinEGFP-IRES-puromycin knockdown lentiviral vectors was constructed by GeneChem Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). .. The antibodies listed below were used in Western blotting, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry analyses: anti-TLR9 (ab37154, Abcam, Cambridge, UK; NBP2-24729, Novus Biologicals, Minneapolis, USA), anti-PARP1 (#9532; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; ab227244, Abcam), anti-PAR (#83732; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-Ubiquitin (#3936; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-STAT3 (#9139; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-STAT3 (Tyr705) (#9145; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-PD-L1 (#13684T, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 329702, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA; ab205921, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-Jak2 (#3230; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-Jak2 (#3774; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-STAT1(#14994, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-JUN(#9165; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF1(#8478; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IRF3(#11904; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Myc (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), anti-granzyme B (ab4059; Abcam), anti-CD8 (ab22378; Abcam; 560776; BD Biosciences), anti-JNK (AF6318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-JNK (AF3318; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-ERK (AF0155; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-ERK (AF1015; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p-p38 (AF4001; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-p38 (AF6456; Affinity Biosciences, USA), anti-PARG (#27808; Proteintech, Wuhan), anti-RNF146 (#ARP43340; Aviva Systems Biology Co., Ltd. USA; #bs-11669R; Bioss Antibodies Inc. USA), anti-CD4 (550954; BD Biosciences), anti-PD-1 (551892; BD Biosciences), anti-CD11b (557395; BD Biosciences), anti-NK1.1 (557391; BD Biosciences), anti-CD25 (553071; BD Biosciences), anti-Foxp3 (560402; BD Biosciences), anti-F4/80 (565612;BD Bioscience), anti-CD11c (553800; BD Biosciences), anti-CD317 (566431; BD Biosciences), PDD-00017273 (#5952; Tocris Bioscience, USA), ODN2216 (#tlrl-2216; Invivogen, USA), ODN2243(ODN2216 Control, #tlrl-2243; Invivogen, USA) and SP600125 (#T3109), U0126(#T6223), SB203580(#T1764), BP-1-102 (#T3708), Chloroquine diphosphate (#T0194) were purchased from Topscience (Topscience Co., Ltd. Shanghai). .. PNGase F (#P0704) was purchased from New England Biolabs (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA).

    CCK-8 Assay:

    Article Title: Solamargine induces apoptosis and ferroptosis through the ROS/p38 MAPK signalling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
    Article Snippet: .. RPMI-1640 medium, 1% penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Gibco 91 (USA); DMEM medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Procell (Wuhan, China(; 92 Gemcitabine (A8437) and Cell counting kit-8 was purchased from APExBio (Houston, United 93 States); Fer-1 (T6500), CQ (T8689), NAC (T0875), Nec-1 (T1847), Z-VAD-FMK (T7020) and 94 SB203580 (T1764) were purchased from Targetmol Chemical Inc. (Shanghai, China); cleaved 95 caspase-3 (#AF7022) were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (OH,USA); Gpx4 (#CY6959) 96 were purchased from Abways (Shanghai,China); Bax (#50599-2-Ig), Bcl-2 (#12789-1-AP), Nrf2 97 (#16396-1-AP), Slc7a11 (#26864-1-AP), p38 (#14064-1-AP), p-p38 (#28796-1-AP), ERK 98 (#11257-1-AP), p-ERK (#28733-1-AP), JNK (#51151-1-AP), p-JNK (#80024-1-RR), Beta-actin 99 (#66009-1-lg), GAPDH (#60004-1-IG) were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China); 100 EdU-488 Cell Proliferation Kit (SC226) were purchased from Seven/Abcells (Beijing, China); 101 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Kit (E-CK-A211) were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, 102 China) ( Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay kit with JC-1 were purchased from 103 Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); MDA Content Assay Kit (BC0025), GSH Content 104 Assay Kit (BC1175), Fe2+ Content Assay Kit (BC5415)( ROS Assay Kit (CA1410(( Total 105 Protein Extraction Kit ( BC3710 ( were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China) ( Lipid ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AR TIC LE IN PR ES S ARTICLE IN PRESS 106 peroxidation assay kits (BODIPY 581/591 C11(S0043)( BCA protein assay kits(P0012( were 107 purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). .. 108 Cell culture 109 The human ICC cells lines, HUCCT-1, HCCC-9810, were purchased from Pricella 110 Biotechnology Co., Ltd.(Wuhan, China) °C The human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells line, 111 HIBEC, purchased from bluefbioBiology Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

    Membrane:

    Article Title: Solamargine induces apoptosis and ferroptosis through the ROS/p38 MAPK signalling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
    Article Snippet: .. RPMI-1640 medium, 1% penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Gibco 91 (USA); DMEM medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Procell (Wuhan, China(; 92 Gemcitabine (A8437) and Cell counting kit-8 was purchased from APExBio (Houston, United 93 States); Fer-1 (T6500), CQ (T8689), NAC (T0875), Nec-1 (T1847), Z-VAD-FMK (T7020) and 94 SB203580 (T1764) were purchased from Targetmol Chemical Inc. (Shanghai, China); cleaved 95 caspase-3 (#AF7022) were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (OH,USA); Gpx4 (#CY6959) 96 were purchased from Abways (Shanghai,China); Bax (#50599-2-Ig), Bcl-2 (#12789-1-AP), Nrf2 97 (#16396-1-AP), Slc7a11 (#26864-1-AP), p38 (#14064-1-AP), p-p38 (#28796-1-AP), ERK 98 (#11257-1-AP), p-ERK (#28733-1-AP), JNK (#51151-1-AP), p-JNK (#80024-1-RR), Beta-actin 99 (#66009-1-lg), GAPDH (#60004-1-IG) were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China); 100 EdU-488 Cell Proliferation Kit (SC226) were purchased from Seven/Abcells (Beijing, China); 101 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Kit (E-CK-A211) were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, 102 China) ( Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay kit with JC-1 were purchased from 103 Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); MDA Content Assay Kit (BC0025), GSH Content 104 Assay Kit (BC1175), Fe2+ Content Assay Kit (BC5415)( ROS Assay Kit (CA1410(( Total 105 Protein Extraction Kit ( BC3710 ( were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China) ( Lipid ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AR TIC LE IN PR ES S ARTICLE IN PRESS 106 peroxidation assay kits (BODIPY 581/591 C11(S0043)( BCA protein assay kits(P0012( were 107 purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). .. 108 Cell culture 109 The human ICC cells lines, HUCCT-1, HCCC-9810, were purchased from Pricella 110 Biotechnology Co., Ltd.(Wuhan, China) °C The human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells line, 111 HIBEC, purchased from bluefbioBiology Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

    Mmp Assay:

    Article Title: Solamargine induces apoptosis and ferroptosis through the ROS/p38 MAPK signalling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
    Article Snippet: .. RPMI-1640 medium, 1% penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Gibco 91 (USA); DMEM medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Procell (Wuhan, China(; 92 Gemcitabine (A8437) and Cell counting kit-8 was purchased from APExBio (Houston, United 93 States); Fer-1 (T6500), CQ (T8689), NAC (T0875), Nec-1 (T1847), Z-VAD-FMK (T7020) and 94 SB203580 (T1764) were purchased from Targetmol Chemical Inc. (Shanghai, China); cleaved 95 caspase-3 (#AF7022) were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (OH,USA); Gpx4 (#CY6959) 96 were purchased from Abways (Shanghai,China); Bax (#50599-2-Ig), Bcl-2 (#12789-1-AP), Nrf2 97 (#16396-1-AP), Slc7a11 (#26864-1-AP), p38 (#14064-1-AP), p-p38 (#28796-1-AP), ERK 98 (#11257-1-AP), p-ERK (#28733-1-AP), JNK (#51151-1-AP), p-JNK (#80024-1-RR), Beta-actin 99 (#66009-1-lg), GAPDH (#60004-1-IG) were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China); 100 EdU-488 Cell Proliferation Kit (SC226) were purchased from Seven/Abcells (Beijing, China); 101 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Kit (E-CK-A211) were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, 102 China) ( Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay kit with JC-1 were purchased from 103 Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); MDA Content Assay Kit (BC0025), GSH Content 104 Assay Kit (BC1175), Fe2+ Content Assay Kit (BC5415)( ROS Assay Kit (CA1410(( Total 105 Protein Extraction Kit ( BC3710 ( were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China) ( Lipid ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AR TIC LE IN PR ES S ARTICLE IN PRESS 106 peroxidation assay kits (BODIPY 581/591 C11(S0043)( BCA protein assay kits(P0012( were 107 purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). .. 108 Cell culture 109 The human ICC cells lines, HUCCT-1, HCCC-9810, were purchased from Pricella 110 Biotechnology Co., Ltd.(Wuhan, China) °C The human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells line, 111 HIBEC, purchased from bluefbioBiology Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

    Multiple Displacement Amplification:

    Article Title: Solamargine induces apoptosis and ferroptosis through the ROS/p38 MAPK signalling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
    Article Snippet: .. RPMI-1640 medium, 1% penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Gibco 91 (USA); DMEM medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Procell (Wuhan, China(; 92 Gemcitabine (A8437) and Cell counting kit-8 was purchased from APExBio (Houston, United 93 States); Fer-1 (T6500), CQ (T8689), NAC (T0875), Nec-1 (T1847), Z-VAD-FMK (T7020) and 94 SB203580 (T1764) were purchased from Targetmol Chemical Inc. (Shanghai, China); cleaved 95 caspase-3 (#AF7022) were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (OH,USA); Gpx4 (#CY6959) 96 were purchased from Abways (Shanghai,China); Bax (#50599-2-Ig), Bcl-2 (#12789-1-AP), Nrf2 97 (#16396-1-AP), Slc7a11 (#26864-1-AP), p38 (#14064-1-AP), p-p38 (#28796-1-AP), ERK 98 (#11257-1-AP), p-ERK (#28733-1-AP), JNK (#51151-1-AP), p-JNK (#80024-1-RR), Beta-actin 99 (#66009-1-lg), GAPDH (#60004-1-IG) were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China); 100 EdU-488 Cell Proliferation Kit (SC226) were purchased from Seven/Abcells (Beijing, China); 101 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Kit (E-CK-A211) were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, 102 China) ( Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay kit with JC-1 were purchased from 103 Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); MDA Content Assay Kit (BC0025), GSH Content 104 Assay Kit (BC1175), Fe2+ Content Assay Kit (BC5415)( ROS Assay Kit (CA1410(( Total 105 Protein Extraction Kit ( BC3710 ( were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China) ( Lipid ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AR TIC LE IN PR ES S ARTICLE IN PRESS 106 peroxidation assay kits (BODIPY 581/591 C11(S0043)( BCA protein assay kits(P0012( were 107 purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). .. 108 Cell culture 109 The human ICC cells lines, HUCCT-1, HCCC-9810, were purchased from Pricella 110 Biotechnology Co., Ltd.(Wuhan, China) °C The human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells line, 111 HIBEC, purchased from bluefbioBiology Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

    ROS Assay:

    Article Title: Solamargine induces apoptosis and ferroptosis through the ROS/p38 MAPK signalling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
    Article Snippet: .. RPMI-1640 medium, 1% penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Gibco 91 (USA); DMEM medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Procell (Wuhan, China(; 92 Gemcitabine (A8437) and Cell counting kit-8 was purchased from APExBio (Houston, United 93 States); Fer-1 (T6500), CQ (T8689), NAC (T0875), Nec-1 (T1847), Z-VAD-FMK (T7020) and 94 SB203580 (T1764) were purchased from Targetmol Chemical Inc. (Shanghai, China); cleaved 95 caspase-3 (#AF7022) were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (OH,USA); Gpx4 (#CY6959) 96 were purchased from Abways (Shanghai,China); Bax (#50599-2-Ig), Bcl-2 (#12789-1-AP), Nrf2 97 (#16396-1-AP), Slc7a11 (#26864-1-AP), p38 (#14064-1-AP), p-p38 (#28796-1-AP), ERK 98 (#11257-1-AP), p-ERK (#28733-1-AP), JNK (#51151-1-AP), p-JNK (#80024-1-RR), Beta-actin 99 (#66009-1-lg), GAPDH (#60004-1-IG) were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China); 100 EdU-488 Cell Proliferation Kit (SC226) were purchased from Seven/Abcells (Beijing, China); 101 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Kit (E-CK-A211) were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, 102 China) ( Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay kit with JC-1 were purchased from 103 Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); MDA Content Assay Kit (BC0025), GSH Content 104 Assay Kit (BC1175), Fe2+ Content Assay Kit (BC5415)( ROS Assay Kit (CA1410(( Total 105 Protein Extraction Kit ( BC3710 ( were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China) ( Lipid ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AR TIC LE IN PR ES S ARTICLE IN PRESS 106 peroxidation assay kits (BODIPY 581/591 C11(S0043)( BCA protein assay kits(P0012( were 107 purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). .. 108 Cell culture 109 The human ICC cells lines, HUCCT-1, HCCC-9810, were purchased from Pricella 110 Biotechnology Co., Ltd.(Wuhan, China) °C The human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells line, 111 HIBEC, purchased from bluefbioBiology Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

    Protein Extraction:

    Article Title: Solamargine induces apoptosis and ferroptosis through the ROS/p38 MAPK signalling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
    Article Snippet: .. RPMI-1640 medium, 1% penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Gibco 91 (USA); DMEM medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Procell (Wuhan, China(; 92 Gemcitabine (A8437) and Cell counting kit-8 was purchased from APExBio (Houston, United 93 States); Fer-1 (T6500), CQ (T8689), NAC (T0875), Nec-1 (T1847), Z-VAD-FMK (T7020) and 94 SB203580 (T1764) were purchased from Targetmol Chemical Inc. (Shanghai, China); cleaved 95 caspase-3 (#AF7022) were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (OH,USA); Gpx4 (#CY6959) 96 were purchased from Abways (Shanghai,China); Bax (#50599-2-Ig), Bcl-2 (#12789-1-AP), Nrf2 97 (#16396-1-AP), Slc7a11 (#26864-1-AP), p38 (#14064-1-AP), p-p38 (#28796-1-AP), ERK 98 (#11257-1-AP), p-ERK (#28733-1-AP), JNK (#51151-1-AP), p-JNK (#80024-1-RR), Beta-actin 99 (#66009-1-lg), GAPDH (#60004-1-IG) were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China); 100 EdU-488 Cell Proliferation Kit (SC226) were purchased from Seven/Abcells (Beijing, China); 101 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Kit (E-CK-A211) were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, 102 China) ( Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay kit with JC-1 were purchased from 103 Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); MDA Content Assay Kit (BC0025), GSH Content 104 Assay Kit (BC1175), Fe2+ Content Assay Kit (BC5415)( ROS Assay Kit (CA1410(( Total 105 Protein Extraction Kit ( BC3710 ( were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China) ( Lipid ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AR TIC LE IN PR ES S ARTICLE IN PRESS 106 peroxidation assay kits (BODIPY 581/591 C11(S0043)( BCA protein assay kits(P0012( were 107 purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). .. 108 Cell culture 109 The human ICC cells lines, HUCCT-1, HCCC-9810, were purchased from Pricella 110 Biotechnology Co., Ltd.(Wuhan, China) °C The human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells line, 111 HIBEC, purchased from bluefbioBiology Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

    Peroxidation Assay:

    Article Title: Solamargine induces apoptosis and ferroptosis through the ROS/p38 MAPK signalling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
    Article Snippet: .. RPMI-1640 medium, 1% penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Gibco 91 (USA); DMEM medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Procell (Wuhan, China(; 92 Gemcitabine (A8437) and Cell counting kit-8 was purchased from APExBio (Houston, United 93 States); Fer-1 (T6500), CQ (T8689), NAC (T0875), Nec-1 (T1847), Z-VAD-FMK (T7020) and 94 SB203580 (T1764) were purchased from Targetmol Chemical Inc. (Shanghai, China); cleaved 95 caspase-3 (#AF7022) were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (OH,USA); Gpx4 (#CY6959) 96 were purchased from Abways (Shanghai,China); Bax (#50599-2-Ig), Bcl-2 (#12789-1-AP), Nrf2 97 (#16396-1-AP), Slc7a11 (#26864-1-AP), p38 (#14064-1-AP), p-p38 (#28796-1-AP), ERK 98 (#11257-1-AP), p-ERK (#28733-1-AP), JNK (#51151-1-AP), p-JNK (#80024-1-RR), Beta-actin 99 (#66009-1-lg), GAPDH (#60004-1-IG) were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China); 100 EdU-488 Cell Proliferation Kit (SC226) were purchased from Seven/Abcells (Beijing, China); 101 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Kit (E-CK-A211) were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, 102 China) ( Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay kit with JC-1 were purchased from 103 Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); MDA Content Assay Kit (BC0025), GSH Content 104 Assay Kit (BC1175), Fe2+ Content Assay Kit (BC5415)( ROS Assay Kit (CA1410(( Total 105 Protein Extraction Kit ( BC3710 ( were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China) ( Lipid ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AR TIC LE IN PR ES S ARTICLE IN PRESS 106 peroxidation assay kits (BODIPY 581/591 C11(S0043)( BCA protein assay kits(P0012( were 107 purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). .. 108 Cell culture 109 The human ICC cells lines, HUCCT-1, HCCC-9810, were purchased from Pricella 110 Biotechnology Co., Ltd.(Wuhan, China) °C The human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells line, 111 HIBEC, purchased from bluefbioBiology Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

    Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay:

    Article Title: Solamargine induces apoptosis and ferroptosis through the ROS/p38 MAPK signalling pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
    Article Snippet: .. RPMI-1640 medium, 1% penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Gibco 91 (USA); DMEM medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Procell (Wuhan, China(; 92 Gemcitabine (A8437) and Cell counting kit-8 was purchased from APExBio (Houston, United 93 States); Fer-1 (T6500), CQ (T8689), NAC (T0875), Nec-1 (T1847), Z-VAD-FMK (T7020) and 94 SB203580 (T1764) were purchased from Targetmol Chemical Inc. (Shanghai, China); cleaved 95 caspase-3 (#AF7022) were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (OH,USA); Gpx4 (#CY6959) 96 were purchased from Abways (Shanghai,China); Bax (#50599-2-Ig), Bcl-2 (#12789-1-AP), Nrf2 97 (#16396-1-AP), Slc7a11 (#26864-1-AP), p38 (#14064-1-AP), p-p38 (#28796-1-AP), ERK 98 (#11257-1-AP), p-ERK (#28733-1-AP), JNK (#51151-1-AP), p-JNK (#80024-1-RR), Beta-actin 99 (#66009-1-lg), GAPDH (#60004-1-IG) were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China); 100 EdU-488 Cell Proliferation Kit (SC226) were purchased from Seven/Abcells (Beijing, China); 101 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Kit (E-CK-A211) were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, 102 China) ( Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay kit with JC-1 were purchased from 103 Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China); MDA Content Assay Kit (BC0025), GSH Content 104 Assay Kit (BC1175), Fe2+ Content Assay Kit (BC5415)( ROS Assay Kit (CA1410(( Total 105 Protein Extraction Kit ( BC3710 ( were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China) ( Lipid ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AR TIC LE IN PR ES S ARTICLE IN PRESS 106 peroxidation assay kits (BODIPY 581/591 C11(S0043)( BCA protein assay kits(P0012( were 107 purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). .. 108 Cell culture 109 The human ICC cells lines, HUCCT-1, HCCC-9810, were purchased from Pricella 110 Biotechnology Co., Ltd.(Wuhan, China) °C The human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells line, 111 HIBEC, purchased from bluefbioBiology Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).



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